According to 2001 census, the population of Jharkhand is 26, 909, 428, comprising of 13.86 million males and 13.04 million females. Of the total state population, 28% are tribals, 12% are Scheduled Castes and 60% are other communities. Hindi and English are the main languages of the state while around 10% of the state population speaks Bengali.

In addition to these, people speaks various language belonging to three major families namely – the Indo-Aryan, the Munda and the Dravidian families. Hinduism, Jainism, Islam, Buddhism and Christianity are the main religions followed by the state people. The tribal groups of Jharkhand have their own spiritual belief, known as Sarna. However, due to influence of the Christian missionaries many of the tribals have converted themselves to Christianity.

From time immemorial, the Jharkhand region has remained a home to several tribal communities. Jharkhand has 31 age-old tribal groups that include the Asur, Baiga, Banjara, Bathudi, Bedia, Binjhia, Birhor, Birjia, Chero, Chick-Baraik, Gond, Gorait, Ho, Karmali, Kharwar, Khond, Kisan, Kora, Korwa, Lohra, Mahli, Mal-Paharia, Munda, Oraon, Parhaiya, Santhal, Sauria-Paharia, Savar, Bhumji, Kol and Kanwar. Over the centuries, the tribal groups of the state have developed a rich tradition of arts and crafts. Folk music and dance forms of Jharkhand is popular all over the country. People of Jharkhand perform traditional dances and music on various occasions. Amongst the art forms, paintings of Jharkhand is very famous. Santhali Bhittichitra, Oraon Bhittichitra and Jado Patiya are some noted painting of Jharkhand.