Geography and Climate of Delhi

Delhi is located at 28.38° N and 77.13° E and lies in northern India. It borders the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and Haryana on the west. Delhi can be divided into three major geographical regions: the Yamuna flood plain, the ridge and the Gangetic Plains. The low-lying Yamuna flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these plains are prone to recurrent floods. With an average altitude of 293 m above sea level, the ridge forms the most dominating feature in this region. It originates from the Aravalli Hills in the south and encircles the west, north-east and north-west portions of the city. The Great Plains are located in the south of the city and cover most of Delhi.

Yamuna, one of India’s most sacred rivers, is the only main river flowing through Delhi. Most of the city, including New Delhi, lies west of the river. East of the river is the Old City which includes the urban area of Shahdara.

Delhi has a semi-arid climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Summers are long, from early April till October, with the rainy season in between. Extreme temperatures have ranged from -0.6 (10 January, [1935]] [1]) to 47 °C [2]. Winter starts in November and peaks in January.

The average annual rainfall is approximately 670 mm (27 inches), most of which falls during th3e Monsoons, in July and August. Traditionally, the Monsoons are supposed to touch Delhi by June 29 every year.