The Bhullar, clans of Jats, who claim to have sprung from the ‘jata’ or matted hair of Mahadev, are also concentrated mostly in Malwa. The principal Jat clans of Majha are Dhillon, Randhawa, Chahil and Sindhu. The Sindhus and Gills, who claim descent from the Raghobasi branch of the Suryvanshi Rajputs, are mostly settled in the Amristar and Jullandur districts. In the Doab districts the main Jat clans are Randhawa, Bains, Sandhu and Gill.

Among the non-agriculturist tribes of the Punjab, the Khatris, the Aroras, and the Vaishas are the most significant ones. Most of them are engaged in trade and commerce. The Khatris are sub-divided into many groups, the most significant among them being the Dhaighares, the Charzatis, the Punjzatis, the Chhezatis, the Sarins, the Bahris and the Khakhrains. The Bedis and the Sodhis belong to the Bunjahi tribe.

Bedis are mostly found around Dera Baba Nanak and Gurdaspur, while the Sodhis are settled mostly at Anandpur and Hoshiarpur. In west Punjab, before the partition , the khatris were mostly concentrated in the Jhelum and Rawalpindi districts and the Aroras in Multan and Derajat Division, but now both are spread almost all over the Punjab.

Sainis and Kambohs are primarily cultivators. The Sainis are mostly found in Jullundur, Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur and Rupar and the Kambohs is Patiala, Jullundur, Kapurthala, Amristar and Ferozepur. The Kambohs of Doab claim their descent from Raja Karan.

The Sansis are vagrant tribes and seldom settle for long in one place. They are found in considerable numbers in Ludhiana, Amristar and Gurdaspur. The Nat-Bazigars also wander about with their families and never settle down at one place.

Cultural Complexity

Not a single village in the Punjab is homogeneous. Every community has its own social customs which are different to some extent from those of others. Religion further determines this cultural difference and mode of living. Even when a Jat and a Khatri are next-door neighbours, some of their cultural traits remain different from each other. The practice of widow remarriage, for instance, is accepted by Jats but it is almost a taboo among the Khatris.

The Jats and the Khatris are further sub-divided into many clans which have their characteristic differences in customs pertaining to birth, death, marriage, etc. Then there are the erstwhile low-castes who differ from all the other people in their habits and social customs. Besides, the three geographical strips, Majha, Malwa and Doaba have certain local cultural traits.

It is marvelous that under all these peculiarities a thread of homogeneity binds the Punjabis together as a whole. The Greeks, the Scythians, the Parthians, the Huns, the Pathans and the Mughals came here, settled down and got woven into its cultural fabric.

Socio-Economic Structure

As the majority of its population is rural, village is the unit that determines the social and economic set up of the Punjab. Every village is linked in one way of another with the adjoining villages.

Agriculture being the main occupation of the people, their economic dependence upon each other mainly pertains to their agricultural activities. All of them carpenters, blacksmiths, oilmen, sweepers and others invest their interests in agriculture. Carpenters and blacksmiths make and repair agricultural implements for the farmers. Labourers lend a hand at harvesting and in return get wages. Similarly, barbers, water-carriers, cobblers, potters and all others earn their living by serving the farmer in one way or another.

Many villages have grown up in the middle of large fields. A village in the Punjab generally springs up on the land of an ancestor, his offspring forming the nucleus. Many villages of Majha are divided into pattis, and each member of a patti is said to have descended from a common ancestor. In some villages each patti has its separate Panchayat to sort out is quarrels and bring about reconciliation. But in case of interpatti disputes, the Panchayat of the main village decides the issues.

Working classes like Labourers and backward classes like sweepers live in mud houses on the out skirts of the village, or in some remote corners. The artisans and craftsmen like, carpenters, blacksmiths, cobblers etc. have their own separate locality.

Although the villages of Punjab are inhabited by different castes and creeds, the people of one village do not marry into the same and in this respect each village in an exogamous unit. matrimonial relations are transacted in nearly villages only. If a distant village has to be chosen, it must be of the same geographical strip. In the urban there is no such consideration.